A device which is used for the distribution of water from plumbing pipes, by spraying it into the air can be defined as a sprinkler. There are various definations or terms which can state the meaning of sprinklers. As per the WordNet sprinklers are the mechanical device that attaches to a garden hose for watering lawn or garden. Sprinklers have an integrated system of piping and sprinklers installed in an area or building to suppress or extinguish a fire when activated. Sprinklers are also a system of piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards and installed to control or extinguish fires. This system includes an adequate and reliable water supply, and a network of specially sized piping and sprinklers which are interconnected. This system also includes a control valve and a device for actuating an alarm when the system is in operation.

The sprinklers have two main purposes, that is , irrigation sprinklers for irrigation of lawns or crops and the fire sprinklers for fire suppression within buildings. The sprinkler heads are devices which distribute water over a given area for irrigation. Sprinklers are the system for extinguishing fires; water from a network of overhead pipes is released through nozzles that open automatically with the rise in temperature. The sprinkler systems for fire protection consist of overhead pipes fitted with sprinkler heads where each head is held closed independently by heat-sensitive seals. These seals prevent the water flow until a design temperature is exceeded by the individual sprinkler heads. The seals may be easily broken by melting or fusing of metals with a low melting point often bismuth alloys or may be glass bulbs that break from pressure differences when heated.

Sprinkler types

The sprinklers that spray in a fixed pattern are usually termed as sprays or spray heads. The sprays are not generally designed to operate at pressures above 30 lbf/in (200 kPa), due to the misting problems that may develop.The higher pressure sprinklers that rotate are called rotors and are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism. The rotors can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle in which these sprinklers are also known as "pulsating sprinklers" for the pulsating appearance of their water stream. Also the guns are similar to rotors, except that they generally operated at very high pressures of 40 to 130 lbf/in (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s). Guns are used for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.

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